Amir Khusro

 

Amir Khusro, one of the most versatile personalities of medieval India, was born in 1253 in a place called Patiyali, Uttar Pradesh. His real name was Ab'ul Hasan Yamin al-Din Khusrow whereas Amir Khusro was his pen name. Also known as Amir Khusro Dehlavi, this creative classical poet was associated with the royal empires of more than seven rulers of Delhi. The life history of Amir Khusrao is truly an inspiring one and he is considered to be one of the first recorded Indian dignitaries who is also a household name. Known for his immense contribution in literature and music, this legendary personality was born of a Turkish father and an Indian mother in a village in India. He lost his father at a young age and then moved in with his maternal grandparents.  His grandfather served as an attendance master of soldiers at the royal palace of emperor Ghayasuddin Balban. Khusro was exposed to all famous literary figures of his time when he accompanied his grandfather to the royal courts to attend the private congregations. This inspired him to take up poetry and indulge in fine arts like music. He also learnt horse riding and received training in martial arts. The famous Sufi saint Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya was his spiritual mentor. Amir Khusro is often acknowledged for creating "Khayal" of north Indian classical music known as Hindustani. He modified raga Dhrupad and added Persian tunes and beats to it. He created Qawali on the likes of bhajans. The poems he wrote were in Persian and a combination of Bhojpuri and Persian, which he called as Hindvi. These poems later were developed into Hindi and Urdu. Probably Khayal originated from Qawalis that he created on the lines of Bhajans. He wrote poetry in Persian as well as what he called Hindvi ... a combination of local Bhojpuri and Persian, which later evolved into Hindi and Urdu. Many of his poems are even today used in Hindustani Classical as bandishes and as Ghazals by Ghazal singers. Khusrau produced a large volume of poetry that in his lifetime, but very little of it has so far been translated into English or any other language.  Following are the English renderings of some of his Persian works, collected from various sources. Many of these are also sung by Qawwals. Persian Kafir-e-ishqam musalmani mara darkaar neest Har rag-e mun taar gashta hajat-e zunnaar neest; Leave from my bedside, you ignorant physician! The only cure for the patient of love is the sight of his beloved – other than this no medicine does he need. If there be no pilot in our boat, let there be none: We have god in our midst: the sea we do not need. The people of the world say that Khusrau worships idols. So he does, so he does; the people he does not need, the world he does not need.   (Trans. Dr.Hadi Hasan)           English Translation I am a pagan and a worshipper of love: the creed (of Muslims) I do not need; Every vein of mine has become taunt like a wire, the (Brahman's) girdle I do not need. Az sar-e baaleen-e mun bar khez ay naadaan tabeeb Dard mand-e ishq ra daroo bajuz deedaar neest; Nakhuda dar kashti-e maagar nabashad go mubaash Makhuda daareem mara nakhuda darkaar neest; Khalq mi goyad ki Khusrau but parasti mi kunad Aarey aarey mi kunam ba khalq mara kaar neest.

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