- One teenage thalassemic needs 24 pints of blood each year and an adult needs double the quantity.
- Gujrati Khoja and Ismaili Khoja communities of Pakistan have made it mandatory for couples to undergo thalassemia screening test before getting married.
The thalassemias are a diverse group of genetic blood diseases. Thalassemia is the most common inherited single gene disorder in the world. Scientists and public health officials predict that thalassemia will become a worldwide issue in the next century.
The thalassemias are a diverse group of genetic blood diseases characterized by absent or decreased production of normal hemoglobin, resulting in a microcytic anemia of varying degree.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells, which leads to anemia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Hemoglobin is made of two proteins: Alpha globin and beta globin. Thalassemia occurs when there is a defect in a gene that helps control production of one of these proteins.
There are two main types of thalassemia:
- Alpha thalassemia occurs when a gene or genes related to the alpha globin protein are missing or changed (mutated).
- Beta thalassemia occurs when similar gene defects affect production of the beta globin protein.
Alpha thalassemias occur most commonly in persons from southeast Asia, the Middle East, China, and in those of African descent.
Beta thalassemias occur in persons of Mediterranean origin, and to a lesser extent, Chinese, other Asians, and African Americans.
There are many forms of thalassemia. Each type has many different subtypes. Both alpha and beta thalassemia include the following two forms:
- Thalassemia major
- Thalassemia minor
You must inherit the defective gene from both parents to develop thalassemia major.
Thalassemia minor occurs if you receive the defective gene from only one parent. Persons with this form of the disorder are carriers of the disease and usually do not have symptoms.
Beta thalassemia major is also called Cooley's anemia.
Risk factors for thalassemia include:
- Asian, Chinese, Mediterranean, or African American ethnicity
- Family history of the disorder
Symptoms
The most severe form of alpha thalassemia major causes stillbirth (death of the unborn baby during birth or the late stages of pregnancy).
Children born with thalessemia major (Cooley's anemia) are normal at birth, but develop severe anemia during the first year of life.
Other symptoms can include:
- Bone deformities in the face
- Fatigue
- Growth failure
- Shortness of breath
- Yellow skin (jaundice)
Persons with the minor form of alpha and beta thalassemia have small red blood cells (which are identified by looking at their red blood cells under a microscope), but no symptoms.
Signs and tests
A physical exam may reveal a swollen (enlarged) spleen.
A blood sample will be taken and sent to a laboratory for examination.
- Red blood cells will appear small and abnormally shaped when looked at under a microscope.
- A complete blood count (CBC) reveals anemia.
- A test called hemoglobin electrophoresis shows the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
A test called mutational analysis can help detect alpha thalassemia that cannot be seen with hemoglobin electrophoresis.
Treatment
Treatment for thalassemia major often involves regular blood transfusions and folate supplements.
If you receive blood transfusions, you should not take iron supplements. Doing so can cause a high amount of iron to build up in the body, which can be harmful.
Persons who receive significant numbers of blood transfusions need a treatment called chelation therapy to remove excess iron from the body.
Bone marrow transplant may help treat the disease in some patients, especially children.
Expectations (prognosis)
Severe thalassemia can cause early death due to heart failure a, usually between ages 20 and 30. Frequent blood transfusions with therapy to remove iron from the body helps improve the outcome.
Less severe forms of thalassemia usually do not result in a shorter life span.
Complications
Untreated, thalassemia major leads to heart failure and liver problems, and makes a person more likely to develop infections.
Blood transfusions can help control some symptoms, but may result in too much iron which can damage the heart, liver, and endocrine system.
Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
- You or your child has symptoms of thalassemia
- You are being treated for the disorder and new symptoms develop
Prevention
Genetic counseling and prenatal screening may be available to those with a family history of this condition who are planning to have children.
References
- Giardina PJ, Forget BG. Thalassemia syndromes. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al., eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 41.
- DeBaun MR, Vichinsky E. Hemoglobinopathies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 462.
Review Date: 1/31/2010.
| |     
 |
Kindly use My-Diary@yahoogroups.com for sending emails at My-Diary Group.
The theme of this group is to socializing about Islamic values along with promoting inspirational thoughts share some motivating, appealing, fascinating stuff with other by keeping code of conduct basic moral values for this group.
My-Diary Group encourages the sharing of English, Urdu and Punjabi literature. Along with that being part of this forum you will have right to address social issues and discuss anything that concerns life, people and society. My-Diary facilitates free flow of ideas and freedom of expression. It also affirms the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Forum offers to assist individuals to host events promoting Pakistani/Indian/Urdu/Punjabi literature, culture and personalities.
Sure! My-Diary will turn out to be special group with your help and support.
Group Email Addresses
Post message: My-Diary@yahoogroups.com
Subscribe: My-Diary-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
List owner: My-Diary-owner@yahoogroups.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|| My-Diary |||| Living together is an art || Current Group Rank is 23 in 2648 Pakistani Groups ||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My-Diary Group Home Page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/My-Diary/
My-Diary Google Site: http://sites.google.com/site/mydiarygroupsite/
My-Diary Blog: http://mydiaryblogsite.blogspot.com/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment